A cover letter is used for providing more detail about the information in your resume, including your experience, qualifications, skills and achievements, and explaining why you’d be a good fit for this particular position.
Unlike a resume which only shows what qualifications, experience and skills you have, the format of a cover letter allows you to explain why your qualifications, accomplishments, and personality make you the a strong candidate for the job. It also gives you a change to prove you can do the things you claim in your resume, including written communication skills, organisation etc.